In various contexts, for practical, philosophical, and logical reasons, there is a default assumption. In the criminal justice system, for example, someone is presumed innocent until proven guilty. T ...

In science and health, we are often looking for results that are considered to be “statistically significant.” The golden rule is if the p-value is less than 0.05, then the result is statistically ...

Over the past couple of years, Stanford meta-researcher John Ioannidis and several colleagues have been working on a paper that should make any nerd think twice about p-values, those tests of ...

P values indicate how incompatible the observed data may be with a null hypothesis; “P<0.05” implies that a treatment effect or exposure association larger than that observed would occur less than 5% ...

Finally, after many hours of packing and loading, the bags are in the car, the children in their booster seats and the snack bag in easy reach; everyone is buckled in and my hand is on the ignition ...

There are still some frequentists left. ~ Joe Austerweil, while mulling “a hairy” Bayesian problem Significance testing is seen by many of its practitioners as the haven of objectivity, the heart of ...

Behold the red-flowering bush. Small but significant. Source: J. Krueger Grau, teurer Freund, ist alle Theorie— doch grün des Lebens goldner Baum. - Goethe The young researcher has a dream: Think of a ...

Post-hoc testing is carried out after a statistical analysis where you have performed multiple significance tests, ‘post-hoc’ coming from the Latin “after this”. Post-hoc analysis represents a way to ...